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Published on: October 21, 2021
Polarized actin and VE-cadherin dynamics regulate junctional remodelling and cell migration during sprouting
Jiahui Cao1, Manuel Ehling2, Sigrid März1
1Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and Notch signaling promote angiogenesis by remodeling endothelial cell junctions. This study reveals how VEGF-induced cell elongation and junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL) drive cell migration and vessel formation.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial for development and disease.
- VEGFR-2 and Notch signaling pathways are key regulators of angiogenesis.
- Endothelial cell junction remodeling and migration are fundamental processes in angiogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which VEGFR-2 signaling regulates endothelial cell junction remodeling and migration.
- To investigate the role of polarized cell elongation and junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL) in angiogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Investigated VEGF-induced endothelial cell behavior using advanced microscopy.
- Analyzed the role of the WASP/WAVE/ARP2/3 complex and cytoskeletal dynamics.
- Examined the involvement of junctional myosin light chain II, microtubules, and Rac activity.
Main Results:
- VEGF-induced cell elongation decreases VE-cadherin concentration, promoting JAIL formation.
- JAIL facilitate new VE-cadherin adhesion sites, critical for cell migration and monolayer integrity.
- Polarized JAIL at the leading edge drive migration, while smaller JAIL at lateral junctions allow cell movement.
Conclusions:
- VEGFR-2 activation initiates cell elongation via myosin light chain dephosphorylation, leading to JAIL-mediated junctional remodeling.
- Microtubules and polarized Rac activity are essential for these VEGF-induced events.
- A model is proposed where polarized JAIL formation drives directed cell migration and junctional remodeling in sprouting angiogenesis.
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