Management of the patient with failed hypospadias surgery presenting in adulthood

The management of patients who have had complications of primary surgery for the resolution of a hypospadiac deformity remains a therapeutic challenge. Adults with complications following childhood hypospadias repairs are undoubtedly a difficult population to treat, as there is usually a cosmetic deformity, lower urinary tract symptoms, and resulting psychosexual consequences. A surgeon's experience has been and still remains an important factor in determining subsequent surgical outcomes, particularly with more severe or complex cases. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the complications of hypospadias repair that present in adults and review published experience in treating them.