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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

285
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
285
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

462
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

1.7K
The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

452
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Stents for malignant ureteral obstruction.

Kristina Pavlovic1, Dirk Lange1, Ben H Chew1

  • 1Department of Urologic Sciences, The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Asian Journal of Urology
|December 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Malignant ureteral obstruction management has advanced with metal stents outperforming polymeric ones. Drainage failures often signal cancer progression, not device issues, with factors like low albumin predicting poor outcomes.

Keywords:
HydronephrosisMalignant ureteral obstructionUreteral stent

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Malignant ureteral obstruction causes renal dysfunction and impacts cancer treatment.
  • Current management options include Double J stents (DJS), nephrostomy tubes, and specialized metal or reinforced polyurethane stents.
  • Long-term stenting may involve subcutaneous transformation of nephrostomy tubes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments (since 2012) in managing malignant ureteral obstruction.
  • To identify risk factors predicting urinary drainage failure.
  • To compare the efficacy of different ureteral diversion devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published since 2012.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with urinary drainage failure.
  • Comparison of patency rates for metal versus polymeric stents.

Main Results:

  • Metal stents demonstrate superior patency compared to polymeric Double J stents (DJS).
  • Identified risk factors for drainage failure include low serum albumin, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and pleural effusion.
  • Drainage failures are often indicative of cancer progression rather than device limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements offer improved options for malignant ureteral obstruction.
  • Patient counseling should address stent exchange frequency, external hardware, and symptom burden.
  • Understanding predictive factors for drainage failure is crucial for patient management.