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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Ear Morphology.

Ali Modabber1, Helmut Galster2, Florian Peters2

  • 1Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. amodabber@ukaachen.de.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|December 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Caucasian ear continues to change shape throughout adulthood, with significant increases in length and width observed with aging. These anatomical changes, particularly in the lower ear quadrant, are crucial for surgical planning.

Keywords:
Ear morphologyFacial scanningThree-dimensional

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Aging Research
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Facial surgical planning is crucial for aesthetic outcomes.
  • Existing research on ear anatomy primarily focuses on younger populations.
  • Limited data exists on ear anatomy in individuals aged 50 and older.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and evaluate the anatomical changes of the ear in Caucasian adults aged 21-65.
  • To provide data for improved surgical planning in facial reconstructive procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired 3D scans of 240 Caucasian volunteers.
  • Categorized subjects by sex and age groups (21-35, 36-50, 51-65).
  • Analyzed distances, relations, and angles between anatomical landmarks on ear scans.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in ear length (subaurale-superaurale) and width (preaurale-postaurale) were observed with advancing age in both males and females.
  • The lower quadrant of the ear showed the most significant elongation with increasing age.
  • Statistical significance was noted for length increase (p < 0.001) and width increase (p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

  • Ear anatomy in Caucasians undergoes continuous changes throughout adulthood, beyond the cessation of general body growth.
  • Understanding these age-related ear anatomical variations is essential for surgeons.
  • The study provides valuable measurements to aid in pre-operative planning for satisfactory aesthetic results in ear surgery.