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Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
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Emotional imagery and pupil diameter.

Robert R Henderson1, Margaret M Bradley1, Peter J Lang1

  • 1Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

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Pupil diameter increases when people imagine emotional scenes, whether pleasant or unpleasant. This finding suggests pupil size changes can reflect emotional arousal and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Pupil diameter changes are known to occur in response to various emotional stimuli.
  • Emotional imagery is a significant component in psychological assessment and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pupil diameter fluctuations during induced emotional imagery.
  • To determine if pupil diameter is modulated by the hedonic valence (pleasantness/unpleasantness) of imagined scenes.
  • To explore the relationship between pupil response and emotional arousal during imagery.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in imagining pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral scenes.
  • Continuous pupil diameter was recorded throughout the imagery tasks.
  • Second-by-second pupil diameter data were analyzed for changes related to script onset and hedonic content.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in pupil diameter was observed when participants imagined emotional (pleasant or unpleasant) scenes compared to neutral scenes.
  • This pupil dilation effect emerged shortly after the onset of the imagined script.
  • Pupil diameter changes during imagery correlated positively with self-reported emotional arousal levels.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional imagery leads to measurable changes in pupil diameter.
  • Pupil diameter serves as a physiological indicator of emotional engagement and sympathetic nervous system activation during imagery.
  • Pupilometry offers a potential objective measure for assessing emotional responses in clinical settings.