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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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Prostate cancer small non-coding RNA transcriptome in Arabs.

Jingxuan Shan1, Khalid Al-Rumaihi2, Karim Chouchane3

  • 1Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|December 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified four novel microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to prostate cancer (PCa) in Arab populations. These findings may serve as biomarkers for PCa risk and highlight ethnic-specific cancer variations.

Keywords:
ArabsProstate cancerSmall RNA transcriptomemiRNAmiRNA editing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial regulators in cellular processes and implicated in various cancers, including PCa.
  • The Arab population remains understudied regarding its specific genetic associations with PCa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the small non-coding RNA (sRNA) profiles associated with prostate cancer (PCa) in the Arab population.
  • To identify novel microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes implicated in PCa pathogenesis within this demographic.
  • To explore the potential of identified miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic markers specific to Arab populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized next-generation sequencing to analyze the sRNA transcriptome of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary prostate tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from Bedouin patients.
  • Quantified miRNA and target gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR.
  • Employed starBase and TargetScan software for bioinformatic analysis of miRNA KEGG pathways and predicted target genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct sRNA and miRNA editing patterns between PCa tumor and non-tumor tissues.
  • Discovered four novel miRNAs significantly associated with prostate cancer in the studied population.
  • Observed that differentially expressed miRNAs impact key biological pathways, including cell cycle, endocytosis, and adherence junctions, with predicted targets like KRAS, BCL2, and PTEN.

Conclusions:

  • The newly identified miRNAs represent potential ethnic-specific biomarkers for prostate cancer risk in Arab populations.
  • These findings suggest that miRNAs may contribute to the clinical, pathological, and ethno-specific heterogeneity observed in prostate cancer.
  • Further research into these novel miRNAs could enhance understanding and management of PCa in diverse ethnic groups.