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Updated: Feb 16, 2026
A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
Published on: December 19, 2016
The Inter-Rater Reliability of the Observation Instrument for Assessing Pain in Elderly With Dementia: An
Background And Purpose:
The Observation Instrument for Assessing Pain in Elderly With Dementia (BISAD) was developed in Germany. The instrument demonstrated high inter-rater reliability values for the original French version. So far, there are no results to that effect in the Austrian long-term care setting available. The objective of this study was to investigate agreement and inter-rater reliability of BISAD in residents with dementia.
Methods:
A quantitative multicenter-descriptive cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 71 residents.
Results:
Analysis of all eight items demonstrated fair to moderate concordance. Absolute agreement of the total value was 25.32%. Subtotals of the observation before mobilization was 52.11%, and during mobilization 32.39%.
Conclusion:
The reliability analysis shows that the items are less reliable. Currently, BISAD does not make a reliable contribution to clinical decision making in the tested setting.
