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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

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Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
1.2K
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

59.0K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

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Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers

Published on: November 21, 2011

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Antioxidants: Friend or foe?

R Sarangarajan1, S Meera2, R Rukkumani3

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, India.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
|December 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species contributes to diseases. Antioxidants offer therapeutic benefits but also have detrimental effects, requiring careful consideration in disease treatment.

Keywords:
AntioxidantsOxidative stressReactive oxygen speciesTherapeutic agent

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic byproducts neutralized by the body's antioxidant system.
  • An imbalance leading to oxidative stress is linked to diseases like Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidants in disease treatment.
  • To compile evidence on antioxidant therapy for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and oral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on antioxidant therapy.
  • Analysis of research on the dual role of antioxidants in various pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Antioxidants demonstrate therapeutic potential in managing several diseases.
  • Evidence also highlights negative consequences associated with antioxidant use in certain conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant therapy presents a complex profile with both advantages and disadvantages.
  • Further research is needed to optimize antioxidant use and mitigate potential harm in clinical applications.