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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Introduction
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
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Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

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Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Normal Anal Examination After Penetration: A Case Report.

Brett Slingsby1, Amy Goldberg1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics (Clinical), The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 23, 2017
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Summary

Children may not show physical signs after anal penetration and often delay disclosure. Emergency physicians should consider this in evaluations, especially for suspected child abuse.

Keywords:
anal penetrationcase reportchild abusephysical findings

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Forensic Pediatrics

Background:

  • Physical findings are uncommon following anal penetration in children.
  • Children frequently delay disclosure or are reluctant to discuss incidents of anal penetration.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and anorexia over several weeks.
  • Colonoscopy revealed a large rectal foreign body (7 cm x 7 cm) present for at least two weeks.
  • The patient initially denied awareness of the object's origin, later admitting self-insertion out of curiosity.

Findings:

  • Despite known anal penetration and foreign body removal, a follow-up video colposcopy showed a completely normal anal examination.
  • This case highlights that a normal anal examination does not exclude anal penetration in children.

Implications:

  • Emergency physicians must recognize that children may present with normal physical exams despite anal penetration.
  • Delayed disclosure and normal physical findings are critical considerations in evaluating potential child sexual abuse.
  • Referral for a child abuse pediatrics evaluation is recommended when child sexual abuse is suspected, even without definitive disclosure or examination findings.