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Related Concept Videos

Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Protective Microbiota: From Localized to Long-Reaching Co-Immunity.

Lynn Chiu1, Thomas Bazin2,3, Marie-Elise Truchetet4

  • 1University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France.

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|December 23, 2017
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Summary

Resident microbiota offer protection against pathogens beyond just colonization resistance. They also promote disease tolerance and limit pathogen spread, contributing to a concept of "co-immunity" with the host.

Keywords:
colonization resistancecontainmentdisease tolerancehost–microbiota symbiosisinfectious diseasesmicrobial ecologypathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Host-microbe interactions

Background:

  • Resident microbiota significantly influence host immunity and protection against pathogens.
  • Existing reviews primarily focus on microbiota-mediated colonization resistance within specific microenvironments.
  • There's a need to broaden the understanding of microbiota's protective functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and conceptualize the multifaceted protective roles of resident microbiota against pathogens and infectious diseases.
  • To propose a broader framework for understanding host-microbiota-mediated protection, termed "co-immunity".

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual synthesis of existing research on host microbiota and pathogen protection.
  • Analysis of mechanisms beyond colonization resistance, including disease tolerance and containment of pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota-mediated protection extends beyond colonization resistance to include disease tolerance (mitigating pathogenic impact without eradication).
  • Protective microorganisms can exert influence beyond their immediate niche, affecting pathogen entry, establishment, growth, and spread.
  • The concept of "co-immunity" is proposed, integrating host immunity and microbiota contributions to protection.

Conclusions:

  • Resident microbiota provide crucial protection against pathogens through diverse mechanisms.
  • A broader conceptualization of host-microbiota interactions, including "co-immunity," is essential for understanding host defense.
  • Future research should explore these broader protective roles and the mechanisms underlying "co-immunity".