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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
Published on: October 18, 2024
Michael Cutter1, Roberto Manduchi1
1University of California, Santa Cruz.
Mobile optical character recognition (OCR) apps aid blind users, but taking clear photos is challenging. This study tested iPhone-based auto-shot and guidance features to improve document access for visually impaired individuals.
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