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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

11.7K

Timing methodologies and studies at the FERMI free-electron laser.

Riccardo Mincigrucci1, Filippo Bencivenga1, Emiliano Principi1

  • 1Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|December 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...

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Time-resolved studies monitor chemical dynamics in real-time. Ultrafast electronic effects, like induced transient optical absorption, are key for synchronizing free-electron laser and optical laser pulses with high accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Ultrafast spectroscopy
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Time-resolved investigations enable real-time monitoring of chemical reactions and matter dynamics.
  • Induced transient optical absorption is an ultrafast electronic effect in insulators and semiconductors triggered by extreme-ultraviolet pulses.
  • This effect is crucial for temporal synchronization in free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present methodologies for determining free-electron laser (FEL)/laser cross-correlation.
  • To leverage ultrafast effects in condensed materials for precise temporal measurements.
  • To showcase advancements developed at the FERMI facility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing induced transient optical absorption in condensed matter.
Keywords:
FEL diagnosticscross correlationpump–probetiming

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

11.7K
  • Employing sub-picosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses to trigger electronic effects.
  • Developing and applying novel methodologies at the FERMI facility.
  • Main Results:

    • Effective determination of FEL/laser cross-correlation with tens of femtoseconds accuracy.
    • Demonstration of ultrafast effects in condensed materials for timing applications.
    • Validation of FERMI facility methodologies.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented methodologies provide accurate temporal synchronization for FEL experiments.
    • Ultrafast electronic effects in condensed matter are powerful tools for time-resolved studies.
    • Advancements at FERMI enhance capabilities in ultrafast science.