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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
285
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

452
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
452
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

455
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
455
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

330
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
330
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

587
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
587
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
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Novel uricosurics.

Thomas Bardin1,2, Pascal Richette1,2

  • 1Université Paris 7, UFR médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Rhumatologie.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|December 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel uricosuric drugs targeting uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) offer new treatment options for gout patients who do not respond to traditional therapies. These drugs, including lesinurad and arhalofenate, show promise in lowering uric acid levels and reducing gout flares.

Keywords:
URAT1arhalofenatelesinuradurate-lowering therapyuricosuric

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the primary treatment for gout, aiming for serum urate levels of 5-6 mg/dl.
  • Some patients with gout do not achieve target urate levels with xanthine oxidase inhibitors alone, necessitating alternative therapies.
  • Gout management requires effective urate-lowering strategies for non-responders and those with contraindications to existing treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging uricosuric drugs targeting uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and other urate transporters.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of novel agents for gout management in patients with unmet needs.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.
  • Searches utilized MeSH terms to identify studies on novel uricosurics targeting URAT1 and other urate transporters.
  • Focus on trials evaluating efficacy in gout management.

Main Results:

  • Lesinurad, a URAT1 and OAT4 inhibitor, demonstrated potent urate lowering when combined with allopurinol or febuxostat, with an acceptable safety profile in phase 3 trials.
  • Arhalofenate, another URAT1 and OAT4 targeting agent, showed potential in phase 2 trials to reduce serum uric acid levels and gout flares.
  • Both lesinurad and arhalofenate represent novel therapeutic avenues for gout.

Conclusions:

  • Novel URAT1 inhibitors address the unmet needs of gout patients unresponsive to or intolerant of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
  • These new uricosuric drugs offer alternative treatment options for achieving target urate levels and managing gout effectively.