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Flip-angle based ratiometric approach for pulsed CEST-MRI pH imaging.

Francesca Arena1, Pietro Irrera1, Lorena Consolino1

  • 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
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Summary

This study introduces a novel pulsed chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI method for pH mapping. The new ratiometric approach is concentration-independent and accurate for physiological pH ranges.

Keywords:
CESTContrast mediaIodinated contrast mediaMRIPulsed-CESTRadiographic agentsTrain pulsespH

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)

Background:

  • MRI pH sensors commonly use chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) techniques.
  • Existing ratiometric methods require specific saturation schemes (continuous wave) limiting clinical applicability.
  • Concentration dependency is a challenge in current CEST-based pH measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, clinically translatable ratiometric CEST-MRI pH-mapping approach.
  • To overcome the limitations of continuous wave saturation schemes in MRI pH sensing.
  • To create a concentration-independent pH measurement using a pulsed CEST saturation scheme.

Main Methods:

  • A new ratiometric approach using a pulsed CEST saturation scheme was developed.
  • The method utilizes a radiographic contrast agent (iodixanol) with a single chemical exchange site.
  • pH mapping was achieved by analyzing the ratio of CEST contrast effects at different flip angle combinations (180°/360° and 180°/720°) with constant average RF power.

Main Results:

  • The proposed ratiometric approach demonstrated concentration independence.
  • The method exhibited good pH sensitivity and accuracy within the physiological range (6.0–7.4).
  • The pulsed saturation scheme enhances the clinical translatability of CEST-MRI pH mapping.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pulsed CEST-MRI pH-mapping method has been successfully demonstrated.
  • This concentration-independent ratiometric approach offers improved accuracy and clinical feasibility for MRI-based pH sensing.
  • The technique holds promise for advancing in vivo pH monitoring in various medical applications.