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Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

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The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Breast density: why all the fuss?

S J Vinnicombe1

  • 1Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Level 7, Mailbox 4, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.

Clinical Radiology
|December 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mammographic density (MD) impacts breast cancer detection and risk. Higher MD reduces mammogram sensitivity and significantly increases breast cancer risk, necessitating personalized prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Breast Imaging

Background:

  • Mammographic density (MD) refers to dense breast tissue components visualized on mammograms.
  • It comprises epithelial and stromal elements, including collagen.
  • MD assessment traditionally uses visual estimation of percent mammographic density (PMD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the dual importance of mammographic density in breast cancer.
  • To discuss the impact of MD on mammographic sensitivity.
  • To underscore MD as an independent risk factor for breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Visual estimation of area-based percent density (PMD).
  • Computerized semi-automated thresholding (Cumulus) for research.
  • Fully automated volumetric methods with digital mammography (DM).

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Main Results:

  • Marked MD significantly reduces mammographic sensitivity for breast cancer.
  • MD is a significant risk factor, increasing risk 4-6 fold in highest quintile.
  • Legislative changes mandate MD disclosure to patients in 32 US states.

Conclusions:

  • MD significantly impacts breast cancer detection and risk assessment.
  • Research is exploring MD for personalized breast cancer prevention, imaging, and treatment.
  • Understanding MD is crucial for advancing breast cancer care.