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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
A periodic disease transmission model with asymptomatic carriage and latency periods
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
Abstract:
In this paper, the global dynamics of a periodic disease transmission model with two delays in incubation and asymptomatic carriage periods is investigated. We first derive the model system with a general nonlinear incidence rate function by stage-structure. Then, we identify the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] for the model and present numerical algorithm to calculate it. We obtain the global attractivity of the disease-free state when [Formula: see text] and discuss the disease persistence when [Formula: see text]. We also explore the coexistence of endemic state in the nonautonomous system and prove the uniqueness with constants coefficients. Numerical simulations are provided to present a case study regarding the meningococcal meningitis disease transmission and discuss the influence of carriers on [Formula: see text].
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