Tuning of Polyoxopalladate Macroanionic Hydration Shell via Countercation Interaction
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets
Published on: May 26, 2021
Jiazhi He1, Hui Li1, Peng Yang2
1Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
Abstract:
Three types of macroanion-countercation interactions in dilute solution, decided by the strength of electrostatic attraction and the change of hydration shells are reported: minor interaction between macroanions [MO8 Pd12 (SeO3 )8 ]6- (M=Zn2+ or Ni2+ ) and monovalent cations (Na+ , K+ , Rb+ , Cs+ ), leaving their hydration shells intact (solvent-separated ion-pairs); strong binding between macroanions and divalent cations (Sr2+ , Ba2+ ) to form solvent-shared ion-pairs with partial dehydration; very strong electrostatic attraction between macroanions and Y3+ ion with contact ion-pairs formation by severely breaking their original hydration shells and forming new ones. In addition, divalent cations can help the macroanions self-assemble into hollow spherical blackberry structures through counterion-mediated attraction, whereas macroanions with mono- or trivalent cations only stay as discrete ions due to either weak interaction or a small number of bound countercations.
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