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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

790
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
790
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

642
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
642
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

606
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
606
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

391
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
391
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

300
A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
300
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

694
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
694

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Mitral Ring Extraction due to Nickel Allergy.

Carlos Dominguez-Massa1, Ana M Bel-Minguez1, Manuel Perez-Guillen1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|December 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Allergic reactions to mechanical heart valve rings are rare. A patient experienced anaphylaxis and rash after mitral valve repair, which resolved after nickel-containing ring removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Mechanical prostheses and annuloplasty rings are used in cardiac surgery.
  • The potential for allergic reactions to implanted medical devices is a concern.
  • The incidence of hypersensitivity to cardiac repair materials is not well-documented.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old male developed persistent urticarial rash and anaphylactic shock post-mitral valve repair.
  • Skin prick tests revealed a positive reaction to nickel.
  • The patient's symptoms resolved completely after the explantation of the mitral annulus.

Findings:

  • Nickel allergy can manifest as severe systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
  • Mechanical mitral annuloplasty rings can contain nickel, posing a risk for sensitized individuals.
  • Successful management of device-related allergy involves identification and removal of the offending agent.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering metal hypersensitivity in patients experiencing unexplained reactions after cardiac device implantation.
  • Further research is needed to assess the prevalence of nickel allergy in patients undergoing procedures with metallic implants.
  • Material selection and patient screening may be crucial for preventing allergic complications in cardiovascular surgery.