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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow01:27

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Neurodevelopmental considerations in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.

Jamie R Robinson1, Clark Kennedy2, Kyle J van Arendonk1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Doctors Office Tower, Suite 7100, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|December 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Most infants surviving surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) experience neurodevelopmental impairment. Further research is needed to understand treatment impacts and improve long-term neurodevelopmental assessments for these children.

Keywords:
NECNeurodevelopmental impairmentSurgical NEC

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal surgery
  • Pediatric neurodevelopment
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) significantly impacts infant survival.
  • Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in NEC survivors are a growing concern.
  • The effects of various medical and surgical interventions for severe NEC on development are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in NEC survivors.
  • To emphasize the need for further investigation into the effects of NEC treatments on neurodevelopment.
  • To advocate for enhanced neurodevelopmental assessment strategies in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NEC and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Analysis of current treatment modalities for severe NEC.
  • Discussion of ongoing research into treatment impacts.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of infants surviving surgical NEC exhibit neurodevelopmental deficits.
  • The precise impact of specific medical and surgical NEC treatments on long-term outcomes requires continued study.
  • Current assessment methods may not fully capture the spectrum of neurodevelopmental challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Providers must prioritize long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up for all NEC survivors.
  • Developing and implementing standardized, widespread neurodevelopmental assessment tools is crucial.
  • Further research is essential to optimize care and improve developmental trajectories for infants with NEC.