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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Pumped Concrete01:13

Pumped Concrete

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Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
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Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

10.0K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
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Transradial-Guided Percutaneous Transaxillary Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Insertion.

Samual Hayman1, Shahar Lavi1, Ryan Davey1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

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Axillary access for intra-aortic balloon pumps enables advanced heart failure patients to ambulate. A novel radial access technique improves safety for this critical procedure in anticoagulated patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Advanced heart failure necessitates mechanical circulatory support.
  • Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) improve hemodynamics but require vascular access.
  • Axillary artery access offers advantages for ambulation in patients awaiting advanced therapies.

Observation:

  • Standard axillary access can be challenging, particularly in anticoagulated patients.
  • A combined radial and axillary approach was utilized.
  • A 4F pigtail catheter was introduced via radial access for angiography.

Findings:

  • The radial approach facilitated precise axillary artery visualization.
  • This provided a clear target for safe micropuncture needle entry.
  • The technique was successfully applied in a fully anticoagulated patient.

Implications:

  • This modified technique enhances the safety and feasibility of axillary IABP insertion.
  • It potentially expands IABP use in complex, anticoagulated heart failure populations.
  • Improved patient mobility during IABP support can be achieved, aiding recovery and bridging to transplantation.