Authenticity and Fashionable Disease in Eighteenth-Century Britain

Throughout the eighteenth century the issue of authenticity shaped portrayals of fashionable diseases. From the very beginning of the century, writers satirized the behavior of elite invalids who paraded their delicacy as a sign of their status. As disorders such as the spleen came to be regarded as "fashionable," the legitimacy of patients' claims to suffer from distinguished diseases was called further into question, with some observers questioning the validity of the disease categories themselves. During the early and middle decades of the century, criticism was largely confined to periodicals, plays, and poetry, while medical writers wrote in defense of the authenticity of such conditions. The adoption of fashionable ailments and nervous sensibility grew increasingly popular, however, and from the 1770s onwards practitioners and novelists increasingly suggested that such diseases should not be trusted as signifiers of personal qualities or social status.