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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...

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A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

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Published on: February 11, 2019

Formulary Drug Review: Ocrelizumab.

Zaynah K Ali¹, Danial E Baker¹

¹Washington State University, Spokane, USA.

Hospital Pharmacy

|December 26, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Formulary Monograph Service provides monthly drug monographs and utilization evaluations for Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. This service aids in drug review and formulary management for healthcare facilities.

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A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Health Services Research

Background:

Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees require timely drug information for formulary decisions.
New drug releases and late-stage trial data necessitate comprehensive evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide subscribers with detailed drug monographs for newly released or late-phase drugs.
To offer concise summaries for pharmacy and nursing in-services and agenda planning.
To deliver comprehensive drug utilization/medication use evaluations (DUE/MUE).

Main Methods:

Monthly delivery of 5-6 detailed monographs on new or late-phase drugs.
Inclusion of 1-page summary monographs for quick reference.
Provision of a comprehensive DUE/MUE with each monthly subscription.

Main Results:

Subscribers receive up-to-date drug information essential for P&T committee reviews.
Accessible online content supports efficient drug review processes.
Customizable monograph options cater to specific facility needs.

Conclusions:

The Formulary Monograph Service supports informed drug selection and utilization.
It facilitates efficient pharmacy and nursing education and formulary management.
The service enhances evidence-based decision-making for healthcare professionals.