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Randomized Controlled Trial to Prevent Infant Overweight in a High-Risk Population
Elizabeth Reifsnider1, David P McCormick2, Karen W Cullen3
1College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Ariz.
Academic Pediatrics
|December 27, 2017
Summary
Parent education did not prevent infant overweight. Breastfeeding for at least two months significantly reduced overweight risk, highlighting its importance for infant health.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
- Maternal and Child Health
Background:
- Infant overweight is a growing concern, predisposing individuals to obesity throughout life.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for mitigating long-term health risks associated with infant overweight.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal and in-home parent education program in reducing infant overweight at 12 months.
- To identify factors influencing infant overweight and breastfeeding in a high-risk population.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving pregnant obese Latina women recruited through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
- Intervention group received home visits with counseling on infant care, nutrition, and development by community health workers.
- Control group received no intervention; data collected by research assistants.
Main Results:
- Parent education did not significantly reduce infant overweight at 12 months.
- Infant overweight was prevalent by 6 months and persisted to 12 months.
- Breastfeeding for ≥2 months was associated with a 2.7-fold lower likelihood of overweight at 12 months compared to formula feeding.
Conclusions:
- The parent education intervention was not successful in preventing infant overweight.
- Breastfeeding emerged as a critical protective factor against infant overweight.
- Continued and strengthened breastfeeding promotion by WIC is recommended.
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