Agency performance modulates resting-state variation in prefrontal brain regions

Distinguishing the effects of own from others' actions is a prerequisite for effective interpersonal functioning. Individuals differ in their ability to do this. For example, difficulties in self-other attribution have been linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, with causally ambiguous situations proving a universal challenge. The goal of the present study was to examine relationships between individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity and self-other attribution performance. Fifty-five healthy adults completed a resting-state fMRI scan and an attribution task that involved tapping at irregular intervals while listening to a tone sequence. The likelihood that tones in the sequence corresponded to the participant's taps was systematically varied. Using group independent component analysis (ICA) and dual regression, we found that connectivity between prefrontal networks associated with self-referential processing and regions sensitive to externally-generated stimuli was modulated by participants' ability to accurately assess the proportion of tones belonging to self versus other. These findings shed additional light on the neural mechanisms of agency, emphasising that connectivity with prefrontal networks play an important role in self-other differentiation.