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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Investigating the Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Organ Transplant Rejection
Published on: August 20, 2007
Molecular mechanisms underlying stress response and adaptation
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Abstract:
Environmental stresses are ubiquitous and unavoidable to all living things. Organisms respond and adapt to stresses through defined regulatory mechanisms that drive changes in gene expression, organismal morphology, or physiology. Immune responses illustrate adaptation to bacterial and viral biotic stresses in animals. Dysregulation of the genotoxic stress response system is frequently associated with various types of human cancer. With respect to plants, especially halophytes, complicated systems have been developed to allow for plant growth in high salt environments. In addition, drought, waterlogging, and low temperatures represent other common plant stresses. In this review, we summarize representative examples of organismal response and adaptation to various stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the above phenomena with a focus on the improvement of organismal tolerance to unfavorable environments.
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