Virus-Based Nanoparticles of Simian Virus 40 in the Field of Nanobiotechnology

Biomolecular nanostructures derived from living organisms, such as protein cages, fibers, and layers are drawing increasing interests as natural biomaterials. The virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) of simian virus 40 (SV40), with a cage-like structure assembled from the major capsid protein of SV40, have been developed as a platform for nanobiotechnology in the recent decade. Foreign nanomaterials (e.g., quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)) can be positioned in the inner cavity or on the outer surface of SV40 VNPs, through self-assembly by engineering the nanoparticle (NP)-protein interfacial interactions. Construction of these hybrid nanostructures has enabled integration of different functionalities. This review briefly summarizes the applications of SV40 VNPs in this multidisciplinary field, including NP encapsulation, templated assembly of nanoarchitectures, nanophotonics, and fluorescence imaging.