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Sexually Dimorphic Outcomes after Neonatal Stroke and Hypoxia-Ischemia

Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue1, Valérie C Besson2,3, Olivier Baud4,5

  • 1U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France. christiane.marlangue@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 27, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Male infants show greater vulnerability to brain injury from oxygen deprivation (hypoxia-ischemia). This sex difference impacts brain repair and long-term cognitive outcomes, necessitating sex-specific research.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Pediatric injury research

Background:

  • Males exhibit higher susceptibility to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonates.
  • Sex differences are observed in brain repair following neonatal stroke and hypoxia-ischemia.
  • These disparities contribute to increased long-term cognitive deficits in males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on sex differences in neonatal brain injury.
  • To explore underlying biological mechanisms contributing to these differences.
  • To highlight the importance of sex as a variable in preclinical research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cohort studies and preclinical experimental designs.
  • Analysis of neuroprotective strategies and their sexual dimorphism.
  • Examination of biological pathways implicated in neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Established higher vulnerability in males to ischemic/hypoxic-ischemic injury.
  • Demonstrated sex-specific differences in brain repair and cognitive deficits.
  • Identified key biological factors: gonadal hormones, oxidative stress, cell death, and microglial activation.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a critical factor in neonatal brain injury outcomes.
  • Understanding sex differences is crucial for developing effective neuroprotective strategies.
  • Further research into underlying mechanisms is needed to address sex disparities in brain development.

Keywords:
cell deathdeveloping braingenderhypoxic-ischemic encephalopathymicrogliaoxidative stressstroke

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