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Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

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Core-Shell-Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles with Enhanced Emission for Wireless Optogenetic Inhibition.

Xudong Lin¹, Xian Chen^2,3, Wenchong Zhang¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

|December 27, 2017

Summary

Researchers developed advanced upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for effective optogenetic neural inhibition. This breakthrough enables wireless control of neural activity using near-infrared light, advancing neuroscience tools.

Keywords:

Neural inhibition halorhodopsin lanthanide-doped nanoparticles near-infrared light upconversion wireless optogenetics

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Optogenetic neural inhibition faces challenges with high optical power requirements and specific excitation spectra for inhibitory opsins.
Upconversion technology offers potential for remote neural stimulation but has limitations for inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an optimized upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) system for efficient optogenetic neural inhibition.
To create a fully implantable, electronics-free device for in vivo tetherless neural inhibition using near-infrared (NIR) light.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of core-shell-shell UCNPs with optimized ytterbium ion doping to enhance emission at 540-570 nm.
Development of an upconversion-based device for in vivo implantation.
Testing the device in rat brains for neural inhibition and in mice for motor function control.

Main Results:

Achieved a three-fold enhancement in UCNP emission, matching the excitation spectrum of halorhodopsin.
Demonstrated reliable, reversible optogenetic inhibition of neural activity in deep brain regions of rats using NIR light.
Successfully controlled motor functions in behaving mice via tetherless unilateral inhibition.

Conclusions:

The developed UCNPs and device provide a significant advancement for optogenetic neural inhibition.
This technology offers a valuable tool for both basic and translational neuroscience research.
Enables wireless, deep-brain optogenetic control without electronics.