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Third party observer effect: Application to autistic traits in the normal population.

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Individuals with more autistic traits showed less impact from a third-party observer during neuropsychological testing. This suggests the observer effect in testing may depend on an individual's social awareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • The impact of third-party observation on performance during cognitive assessments is not fully understood.
  • Autistic traits may influence how individuals respond to social cues, including the presence of an observer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between autistic traits and the effect of third-party observation on neuropsychological test performance.
  • To determine if social awareness moderates the third-party observer effect in individuals with varying autistic traits.

Main Methods:

  • A counterbalanced within-subjects design was employed with 61 participants.
  • Performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test was measured with and without a third-party observer.
  • Bayesian linear mixed effects modeling analyzed the interaction between autistic traits and observation conditions.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction was found between autistic traits and third-party observation.
  • Increased autistic traits correlated with decreased susceptibility to the third-party observer effect.
  • Performance decrements typically associated with observation were less pronounced in individuals with higher autistic traits.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of a third-party observer may have a differential impact based on an individual's level of autistic traits.
  • Social awareness, potentially indicated by autistic traits, appears to be a key factor in the third-party observer effect.
  • Findings suggest tailoring assessment conditions based on individual social-cognitive profiles may be beneficial.