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Aggression

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...

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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

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Gun violence.

Wendy Cukier¹, Sarah Allen Eagen²

¹Diversity Institute, Ryerson University, Canada.

Current Opinion in Psychology

|December 28, 2017

Summary

Contextual and institutional factors significantly influence gun violence. The availability of firearms increases the risk of lethal violence, impacting suicide and homicide rates.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Criminology
Sociology

Background:

Gun violence is a complex issue influenced by individual behaviors and broader societal factors.
Young men are disproportionately affected as both perpetrators and victims.
The World Health Organization's ecological model provides a framework for understanding these influences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how contextual and institutional factors shape individual choices and behaviors related to gun violence.
To synthesize international research on the relationship between gun availability and lethal violence.
To explore the role of social, cultural, and political forces in gun violence.

Main Methods:

Literature review utilizing the World Health Organization's ecological model.

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Analysis of international research on gun availability and violence.

Examination of factors contributing to gun violence among young men.

Main Results:

Individual risk factors for gun violence vary depending on the specific form of violence.
Gun availability is strongly linked to increased risk of lethal violence, including successful suicides and homicides.
Stockpiling and fascination with guns may indicate antisocial behavior.

Conclusions:

Contextual and institutional factors are critical determinants of gun violence.
Firearm availability significantly elevates the lethality of violent encounters.
Broad socio-cultural and political forces play a role in shaping and reflecting gun violence patterns.