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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Histone modifiers: Dynamic regulators of the cutaneous transcriptome.

Kanad Ghosh1, Kyle O'Neil1, Brian C Capell2

  • 1Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Journal of Dermatological Science
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic regulators, like histone modifiers, control gene expression and cell identity. Understanding their role in skin homeostasis and disease is crucial for developing new epigenome-targeting therapies for dermatological conditions.

Keywords:
ChromatinEpidermal differentiationEpigeneticsHDACsHistone modificationSkin cancerWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Dermatology and Carcinogenesis

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulators, including histone proteins and chromatin-modifying enzymes, control gene expression by modulating genome accessibility.
  • The precise regulation of the 'histone code' is vital for maintaining cell fate and identity; its disruption can lead to carcinogenesis.
  • The specific roles of dynamic epigenetic regulators in skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis are an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of the current understanding of histone modifiers in the context of skin biology and disease.
  • To highlight the potential of epigenome-targeting therapies for treating dermatological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current literature on histone modifiers and their functions in the skin.
  • Analysis of the implications of epigenetic dysregulation in skin homeostasis and disease.
  • Exploration of the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic mechanisms in dermatology.

Main Results:

  • Histone modifiers play a critical role in regulating gene expression essential for skin cell function and identity.
  • Dysregulation of these epigenetic mechanisms is implicated in the development of skin diseases, including cancer.
  • The field of epigenome-targeting therapies is rapidly advancing, showing promise for dermatological applications.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifiers are key players in maintaining skin homeostasis and are implicated in dermatological diseases.
  • Further research into these epigenetic regulators is essential for understanding skin biology and pathology.
  • Epigenome-targeting therapies represent a promising frontier for the future treatment of skin conditions.