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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
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The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Application of Retinoic Acid to Obtain Osteocytes Cultures from Primary Mouse Osteoblasts
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Osteoblasts preferentially adhere to peaks on micro-structured titanium.

Paola Lagonegro1, Giovanna Trevisi1, Lucia Nasi1

  • 1IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze.

Dental Materials Journal
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cells adhere to micro-structured titanium by bridging over surface irregularities, primarily on peaks. This cell adhesion process is influenced by myosin II, a protein whose distribution changes on sand-blasted/acid-etched titanium surfaces.

Keywords:
ImplantOsteoblastSurfaceTitaniumTopography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Understanding cell adhesion to biomaterials is crucial for developing effective implants.
  • Micro-structured titanium surfaces, like those used in dental and orthopedic implants, influence cell behavior.
  • Osteoblast (MC3T3) cell response to surface topography is a key factor in osseointegration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of osteoblastic cell adhesion to micro-structured titanium.
  • To compare cell adhesion on smooth versus sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces.
  • To explore the role of myosin II in mediating cell attachment to titanium irregularities.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing osteoblastic MC3T3 cells on smooth and SLA titanium discs.
  • Utilizing scanning electron microscopy/focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) for high-resolution imaging of cell adhesion.
  • Employing epifluorescence microscopy to visualize actin microfilaments and myosin II distribution.

Main Results:

  • Cell adhesion initiated centrally and spread to the periphery, bridging over titanium surface irregularities.
  • Cells preferentially adhered to surface peaks, with gaps observed between concave areas and cytoplasm.
  • Myosin II distribution differed between smooth and SLA surfaces, and its inhibition impacted cell responses.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoblastic cells attach to micro-structured titanium by bridging over surface irregularities, predominantly on peaks.
  • Myosin II plays a significant role in mediating cell adhesion to micro-rough titanium surfaces.
  • Altered myosin II distribution on SLA titanium suggests its involvement in adapting cell adhesion to surface topography.