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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Interphase Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of Bone Marrow Smears of Multiple Myeloma
Published on: April 15, 2022
Light chain multiple myeloma: an evaluation of its biochemical investigations
S Y Zahari Sham1, S C Thambiah, I N Samsudin
1Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. sitiyazmin@upm.edu.my.
Abstract:
Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell dyscrasia, characterised by presence of paraprotein or monoclonal (M)-protein in serum or urine. The M-protein may consist of an intact immunoglobulin, the heavy chain only or the light chain only. The latter, designated as light chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) makes up almost 20% of myelomas. Clinical manifestation is often heralded by hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, normocytic normochromic anaemia and bone lesions, reflecting end-organ damage, collectively known as the acronym CRAB. In particular, free light chain nephrotoxicity accounts for the high prevalence of renal impairment seen in LCMM. This case illustrates a typical presentation of LCMM with focal discussion on its initial and diagnostic, as well as prognostic biochemical investigations.
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