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Current diagnostic procedures for diagnosing vertigo and dizziness.

Leif Erik Walther1

  • 1HNO-Gemeinschaftspraxis, Main-Taunus-Zentrum, Sulzbach, Germany.

GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vertigo, a disorder of spatial perception, is increasingly diagnosed using new vestibular tests and imaging. These advancements allow for quicker and more accurate clarification of vertigo syndromes in otolaryngology.

Keywords:
VEMPcVEMPdizzinessoVEMPvertigovideo head impulse test

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular System

Background:

  • Vertigo is a common multisensory syndrome impacting spatial perception and sense of direction.
  • It presents as a primary symptom in classical syndromes and as a secondary symptom in various inner ear diseases, infections, and injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the paradigm shift in vertigo diagnostics driven by recent technological advancements.
  • To emphasize the improved ability to differentiate peripheral and central vertigo disorders, especially in emergency cases.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of modern vestibular test procedures like video head impulse test and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
  • Utilization of advanced radiological techniques, such as intratympanic gadolinium application for Menière's disease.
  • Application of simple algorithms for differentiating acute vestibular syndromes.

Main Results:

  • New diagnostic options enable complex, objective assessment of vestibular organ components with reduced effort.
  • Frequency-specific assessment of vestibular reflex function is now possible when combined with established methods.
  • Modern imaging visualizes inner ear conditions like endolymphatic hydrops, influencing medical standards.

Conclusions:

  • Recent methodical developments have significantly improved the speed and accuracy of vertigo diagnosis in otolaryngology.
  • New classifications enhance clinical differentiation of vertigo syndromes.
  • The integration of novel tests and imaging redefines diagnostic standards for vertigo.