Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

11.0K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
11.0K
Outcomes of Glycolysis01:13

Outcomes of Glycolysis

107.8K
Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
107.8K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.4K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.4K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.4K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.4K
Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

4.1K
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
4.1K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

58.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
58.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluating mechanical benefit of wedge osteotomies in endoscopic surgery for sagittal synostosis using patient-specific 3D-printed models.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2024
Same author

Clinical and radiological results of TLIF surgery with titanium-coated PEEK or uncoated PEEK cages: a prospective single-centre randomised study.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2023
Same author

Diagnostic accuracy of DSA in carotid artery stenosis: a comparison between stenosis measured on carotid endarterectomy specimens and DSA in 644 cases.

Acta neurochirurgica·2022
Same author

Combi-seq for multiplexed transcriptome-based profiling of drug combinations using deterministic barcoding in single-cell droplets.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Surgical management of anterior clinoidal meningiomas: consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section.

Acta neurochirurgica·2021
Same author

Petroclival meningiomas: update of current treatment and consensus by the EANS skull base section.

Acta neurochirurgica·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

An Intramedullary Locking Nail for Standardized Fixation of Femur Osteotomies to Analyze Normal and Defective Bone Healing in Mice
07:41

An Intramedullary Locking Nail for Standardized Fixation of Femur Osteotomies to Analyze Normal and Defective Bone Healing in Mice

Published on: November 13, 2016

14.0K

Intramedullary ependymoma: long-term outcome after surgery.

N Svoboda1, O Bradac2, P de Lacy2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital and Charles University, First Medical Faculty, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200/1, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic. svoboda.norbert@gmail.com.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Survival outcomes for intramedullary ependymomas (IEs) are often unclear. Gross total resection (GTR) significantly impacts progression-free survival, while pre-operative clinical status affects overall survival in these rare spinal tumors.

Keywords:
EpendymomaIntramedullaryPrognosisSpine tumour

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
05:34

A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: July 18, 2025

565
Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery and Animal Welfare Outcome Improvements for Behavioral Neuroscience
07:01

Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery and Animal Welfare Outcome Improvements for Behavioral Neuroscience

Published on: January 30, 2012

40.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

An Intramedullary Locking Nail for Standardized Fixation of Femur Osteotomies to Analyze Normal and Defective Bone Healing in Mice
07:41

An Intramedullary Locking Nail for Standardized Fixation of Femur Osteotomies to Analyze Normal and Defective Bone Healing in Mice

Published on: November 13, 2016

14.0K
A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
05:34

A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: July 18, 2025

565
Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery and Animal Welfare Outcome Improvements for Behavioral Neuroscience
07:01

Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery and Animal Welfare Outcome Improvements for Behavioral Neuroscience

Published on: January 30, 2012

40.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology
  • Spinal Cord Tumors

Background:

  • Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for spinal ependymomas are well-documented.
  • However, specific data on OS and PFS for purely intramedullary ependymomas (IEs) remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the overall survival and progression-free survival rates for patients with intramedullary ependymomas.
  • To identify factors influencing survival outcomes in patients undergoing surgical resection of IEs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 37 patients who underwent resection of an intramedullary ependymoma between January 2000 and December 2016.
  • Evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) based on extent of resection, pre-operative clinical status, and other factors.

Main Results:

  • Progression-free survival (PFS) at 5, 10, and 15 years was 87%, 82%, and 82%, respectively.
  • Overall survival (OS) at 5, 10, and 15 years was 97%, 88%, and 63%, respectively.
  • Gross total resection (GTR) significantly improved PFS, and pre-operative clinical status (McCormick grade) significantly impacted OS.

Conclusions:

  • Gross total resection (GTR) is the most critical factor for achieving favorable progression-free survival (PFS) in intramedullary ependymomas (IEs).
  • Overall survival (OS) for IEs is generally poorer compared to other spinal ependymomas.
  • Patients with a good pre-operative clinical status (McCormick grade 1-2) exhibit significantly better OS than those with higher grades (McCormick grade 3+).