Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Published on: September 25, 2018
Cytological features in eight patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer
Naoto Kuroda1, Masahiko Ohara1, Yukari Wada1
1Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Background:
ALK-rearranged lung cancer has been recently identified. Although signet-ring cell morphology and mucinous cribriform pattern are considered to be characteristic of ALK-rearranged lung cancer. Some studies have also suggested cytological features.
Methods:
This study investigated cytological features of ALK-rearranged lung cancer in eight patients.
Results:
Cytologically, the tumor cell group varied from isolated to large clusters. Small nucleoli, fine granular to vesicular chromatin, and nuclear groove were observed in all patients. Furthermore, extracellular and intracellular mucin and signet-ring cells were identified in five patients.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the presence of extracellular and intracellular mucin, signet-ring cells, small nucleoli, fine granular to vesicular chromatin, and nuclear groove in cytological samples may be a diagnostic clue for ALK-rearranged lung cancer.
Related Concept Videos
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Lung Capacity
Toxidromes: Clinical Features

