Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2026
06:35
Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
Published on: September 14, 2017
Validities of the Physical Estimation Scale in predicting running times
W F Gayton1, K Skelton, M Waichunus
1Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, Portland 04103.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
|February 1, 1989
Summary
The Physical Estimation Scale showed a significant correlation with marathon finishing times, but not with 5-mile running performance. This scale may help predict endurance running success.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Performance Prediction
Background:
- Accurate prediction of running performance is crucial for training and competition.
- The Physical Estimation Scale (PES) is a tool designed to assess an individual's perception of physical exertion.
- Previous research has explored various predictors of running success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the validity of the 12-item Physical Estimation Scale (PES) as a predictor of running performance.
- To determine if PES scores correlate with different running distances and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Two studies were conducted to assess the PES.
- Participants' PES scores were collected.
- Running performance was measured by 5-mile race times and actual/predicted marathon finishing times.
Main Results:
- PES scores were not significantly related to 5-mile running times.
- A significant correlation was found between PES scores and predicted marathon finishing times.
- PES scores were also significantly correlated with actual marathon finishing times.
Conclusions:
- The 12-item Physical Estimation Scale demonstrates validity in predicting marathon performance.
- The PES may not be a suitable predictor for shorter running distances like 5 miles.
- Further research could explore the PES's utility across various endurance events.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:29Reliability and Validity
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
01:20Spearman's Rank Correlation Test
Spearman's rank correlation test, also known as Spearman's rho, is a nonparametric method for assessing the strength and direction of association between two variables. This test is particularly valuable when the data distribution is unknown or when the assumption of normality does not hold. Named after the English psychologist and statistician Dr. Charles Edward Spearman, it serves as the nonparametric counterpart to Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Spearman's test calculates correlation by...
Spearman's test calculates correlation by...
01:17Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I
The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
The test works...
The test works...
01:05Estimation of the Physical Quantities
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
01:29Distance Problem
When an object's velocity changes over time, the total distance traveled can be determined by summing small displacement intervals over short increments. This approach approximates the true distance through numerical summation and the use of integral calculus. An estimate of the total displacement can be obtained by measuring velocity at regular intervals and multiplying each value by the corresponding time step.If a runner accelerates over the first three seconds of a race, speed measurements...