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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks
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Sex Assignment in Conditions Affecting Sex Development.

Renata Markosyan1,2, S Faisal Ahmed2

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Caring for newborns with atypical genitalia, or disorders of sex development (DSD), has advanced significantly. Experts can now better guide parents through complex management plans considering medical and societal factors.

Keywords:
Atypicalambiguousdisorder of sex development genitalia.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Newborns with atypical genitalia present complex clinical challenges requiring specialized expertise.
  • Advances in understanding disorders of sex development (DSD) include etiology, natural history, complications, and interventions.
  • Multidisciplinary team approaches are crucial for individualized management plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated knowledge for experts managing infants with DSD.
  • To inform discussions with parents regarding diagnostic and treatment options.
  • To highlight the importance of societal context in DSD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on DSD etiology and natural history.
  • Analysis of short- and long-term complications associated with DSD.
  • Consideration of clinical interventions and their implications.
  • Emphasis on multidisciplinary team collaboration and individualized care.

Main Results:

  • Improved understanding of DSD allows for more confident expert guidance to parents.
  • Management plans should integrate medical evidence with evolving societal attitudes towards diversity.
  • Sex assignment practices, especially in ambiguous cases, show temporal, social, and geographical variations.
  • Standardized data collection and sharing through registries are essential for evidence-based practice shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Expert management of DSD in newborns has advanced, enabling better parental support.
  • Individualized care plans must acknowledge both medical complexities and societal shifts.
  • There is a critical need for standardized data collection and registries to strengthen the evidence base for DSD management.