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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes
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Phytomelatonin: a universal abiotic stress regulator.

Yanping Wang1, Russel J Reiter2, Zhulong Chan1

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Summary

Melatonin enhances plant stress tolerance by regulating key pathways and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. This improves photosynthesis, growth, and delays leaf aging under abiotic stress conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Melatonin, a tryptophan derivative, regulates diverse plant processes including growth, development, and stress responses.
  • Its role in plant abiotic stress tolerance has been a recent focus of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the detailed functions of melatonin in plant responses to abiotic stress.
  • To summarize the interactions of melatonin with phytohormones and its regulatory mechanisms.
  • To discuss the identification of melatonin receptors and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing recent findings on melatonin's role in plant stress.
  • Analysis of gene regulation, protein stabilization, and epigenetic modifications.
  • Discussion of signaling transduction pathways involved in melatonin's action.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin priming enhances tolerance to cold, heat, salt, and drought stresses via specific regulatory pathways (DREB/CBF, HSF, SOS, ABA).
  • Melatonin acts as a free radical scavenger, detoxifying reactive oxygen species and reducing membrane oxidation.
  • It partially recovers photosynthesis, promotes metabolite accumulation, improves growth, delays senescence, and increases overall stress tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin plays a crucial role in mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses.
  • Understanding melatonin's interactions with phytohormones and its signaling pathways is key to improving crop resilience.
  • Further research is needed to identify melatonin receptors and signaling components.