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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Collection of Post-mating Semen from the Female Reproductive Tract and Measurement of Semen Liquefaction in Mice

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Reproductive Cycling in Female Fundulus heteroclitus.

S Hsiao, M S Greeley, R A Wallace

The Biological Bulletin

|December 28, 2017

Summary

Female Fundulus heteroclitus exhibit endogenous circasemilunar spawning rhythms, independent of lunar cycles. These fish demonstrate a free-running semilunar spawning pattern throughout the year in laboratory settings.

Area of Science:

Marine Biology
Chronobiology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Fundulus heteroclitus in Florida saltmarshes show annual, lunar, and tidal spawning patterns.
Spawning intensity varies with lunar phases, peaking during full moons and decreasing during new and full moons.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the endogenous spawning rhythms of Fundulus heteroclitus under controlled laboratory conditions.
To determine if observed spawning patterns are influenced by external environmental cues or are internally regulated.

Main Methods:

Seven groups of Fundulus heteroclitus were maintained under constant laboratory conditions (temperature, photoperiod, food availability).
Spawning activity was monitored against a vertical screen over multiple cycles.
Observed spawning periodicities were analyzed and compared to natural lunar and tidal cycles.

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Main Results:

Fish exhibited consistent semilunar spawning periodicities in the laboratory, independent of external lunar cycles.
These semilunar cycles were free-running, indicating endogenous circasemilunar rhythms.
Spawning patterns persisted across different collection times and over multiple cycles, with variable periods and phases.

Conclusions:

Fundulus heteroclitus possess an endogenous circasemilunar rhythm that governs their spawning behavior.
The observed semilunar spawning pattern is not entrained by lunar cycles under constant conditions.
Further research is needed to investigate the tidal spawning cycle observed in their natural habitat.