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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Aortic replacement in cardiac surgery.

Eric E Roselli1

  • 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. roselle@ccf.org.

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Annual aorta procedures have increased, prompting proactive treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Research emphasizes lifelong care for patients with aortic valve conditions and associated aneurysms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Aortic Disease Research

Background:

  • Growing number of annual aorta procedures in the U.S.
  • Cleveland Clinic's leadership in aortic disease research
  • Focus on bicuspid/tricuspid aortic valve and aneurysm risks

Purpose of the Study:

  • Update recommendations for aortic surgery timing
  • Evaluate proactive treatment strategies for thoracic aortic conditions
  • Highlight the need for lifelong patient care

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of trends in aorta procedures
  • Review of risk factors for aortic dissection
  • Assessment of safety and efficacy data for proactive treatment

Main Results:

  • Substantial growth in aorta procedures over the past decade
  • Research has influenced surgical recommendations for aortic conditions
  • Evidence supports proactive management of thoracic aortic aneurysms/dissections

Conclusions:

  • Proactive treatment is recommended for most patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection
  • Lifelong care is crucial for patients with aortic conditions
  • Ongoing research informs clinical practice and patient outcomes