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Gene Fusions in Thyroid Cancer.
Valentina D Yakushina1,2, Larisa V Lerner3, Alexander V Lavrov1,4
11 Research Centre for Medical Genetics , Moscow, Russian Federation.
Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|December 29, 2017
Summary
Gene fusions are key drivers in thyroid cancer, impacting its development and progression. Recent advances in sequencing reveal their prevalence and therapeutic potential across various thyroid cancer types.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Gene fusions are significant mutations in cancer etiology and pathogenesis.
- They serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in oncology.
- Thyroid cancer exhibits a wide spectrum of gene fusions, varying by subtype.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review known gene fusions in various thyroid cancer types.
- To describe mechanisms of fusion formation and oncogenic transformation.
- To discuss the prognostic value and therapeutic potential of gene fusions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of gene fusions in thyroid cancer.
- Analysis of massive parallel sequencing data.
- Description of molecular mechanisms underlying fusion oncogenesis.
Main Results:
- Detailed characterization of gene fusions in papillary, follicular, poorly differentiated, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
- Identification of novel gene fusions through recent sequencing technologies.
- Elucidation of mechanisms including altered gene expression and protein localization.
Conclusions:
- Gene fusions are prevalent and critical in thyroid cancer pathogenesis.
- Understanding fusion mechanisms aids in identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers.
- Gene fusions represent promising therapeutic targets for thyroid cancer treatment.
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