Antifouling booster biocide extraction from marine sediments: a fast and simple method based on vortex-assisted...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Antifouling biocides are crucial for marine applications.
• Sediment contamination by biocides poses environmental risks.
• Existing extraction methods can be time-consuming and solvent-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method.
• To optimize extraction parameters for key antifouling biocides.
• To enable sensitive and accurate determination of biocides in sediment samples.

Main Methods:

• Vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) for sample extraction.
• Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for separation and detection.
• Response surface methodology for optimizing MSPD parameters.

Main Results:

• Optimized method uses 2.0 g sediment, 0.25 g C18, and 10 mL methanol.
• Quantitative recoveries ranged from 61% to 103% with RSD < 19%.
• Achieved limits of quantification between 0.5 and 5 ng/g for target biocides.

Conclusions:

• Vortex-assisted MSPD is a fast, cost-effective, and low-solvent-consumption technique.
• The developed method is suitable for routine analysis of antifouling biocides in sediments.
• The method demonstrated effectiveness and simplicity in real-world sample analysis.