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Identification of Uranium Minerals in Natural U-Bearing Rocks Using Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy.

Toya N Beiswenger1, Neal B Gallagher2, Tanya L Myers1

  • 11 6865 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|December 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Infrared (IR) reflectance spectroscopy offers a rapid, non-destructive method for identifying uranium minerals and mixtures. This technique successfully distinguishes uranium-bearing species from background materials using spectral analysis.

Keywords:
Diffuse reflectanceinfraredintegrating spherereflectancespectroscopyuranium minerals

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Mineralogy
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Traditional mineral identification methods like X-ray diffraction (XRD) are often labor-intensive.
  • Handheld instruments for field applications exist, but advanced spectral analysis offers new possibilities.
  • Infrared (IR) reflectance spectroscopy provides unique information for mineral identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate laboratory-based IR reflectance spectroscopy for identifying uranium minerals and mixtures.
  • To apply chemometric methods for enhanced mineral discrimination.
  • To compare IR spectral features with traditional identification techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of IR hemispherical reflectance of solid samples using an integrating sphere.
  • Application of Classical Least Squares (CLS) and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) for spectral analysis.
  • Validation of results using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for ground truth.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of pure and mixed uranium-bearing minerals (e.g., boltwoodite, tyuyamunite) and non-uranium minerals.
  • Effective discrimination of uranium minerals against common natural and anthropogenic background materials.
  • Characteristic IR bands, arising from functional groups like uranyls and silicates, provided specific spectral signatures.

Conclusions:

  • IR reflectance spectroscopy is a facile and specific method for mineral identification, including uranium species.
  • The technique is applicable to both pure minerals and complex mixtures with varying uranium content.
  • Spectral features in the longwave IR can correlate with absorption features in the midwave and shortwave IR for broader discrimination.