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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
15:08

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Published on: September 20, 2012

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Study on Zinc Oxide-Based Electrolytes in Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Chen Xia1,2, Zheng Qiao3,4, Chu Feng5

  • 1Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China. cxia@kth.se.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New zinc oxide (ZnO) materials show promise as electrolyte membranes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). These ZnO-based electrolytes offer high power output and ionic conductivity, paving the way for advanced fuel cell development.

Keywords:
composite electrolyteproton conductionsemiconducting-ionic conductorsolid oxide fuel cellszinc oxide

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Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods
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Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Semiconducting-ionic conductors are emerging as key electrolyte materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs).
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO), a well-known semiconductor, is explored for its novel application in solid-state ionics and SOFC electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel zinc oxide (ZnO) based electrolyte membranes for LT-SOFCs.
  • To investigate the performance and conductive properties of ZnO and ZnO-La/Pr doped CeO₂ (ZnO-LCP) composite electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of fuel cell devices using ZnO and ZnO-LCP electrolytes sandwiched between Ni₀.₈Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅Li-oxide (NCAL) electrodes.
  • Performance testing of the fuel cells, including power output and open circuit voltage (OCV) measurements at temperatures ranging from 450-550 °C.
  • Analysis of ionic conductivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to understand performance enhancements.

Main Results:

  • The ZnO-based fuel cell achieved power outputs of 158-482 mW cm⁻² and OCVs of 1-1.06 V.
  • The ZnO-LCP composite electrolyte demonstrated significantly enhanced performance with a maximum power density of 864 mW cm⁻² and an OCV of 1.07 V at 550 °C.
  • Extraordinary ionic conductivities of 0.09 S cm⁻¹ for ZnO and 0.156 S cm⁻¹ for ZnO-LCP were recorded at 550 °C, with verified proton conductive behavior in ZnO.

Conclusions:

  • ZnO is a highly promising alternative semiconducting-ionic membrane material for advanced LT-SOFCs.
  • The enhanced performance of the ZnO-LCP cell is attributed to reduced grain boundary and electrode polarization resistances.
  • This research offers a new strategic pathway for the development of novel electrolyte materials for future SOFC technologies.