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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Restorative Care01:19

Restorative Care

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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Deflection of a Beam01:19

Deflection of a Beam

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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
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Maximum Deflection01:13

Maximum Deflection

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When analyzing beams under unsymmetrical loads, such as a train moving on a bridge, it is crucial to accurately determine the points of maximum stress and deflection. The process involves identifying the maximum deflection of the beam, which may not always occur at its midpoint due to the uneven distribution of the load.
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
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Cuspal Deflection in Premolar Teeth Restored with Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composite Materials.

M M Elsharkasi, J A Platt, N B Cook

    Operative Dentistry
    |December 29, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    High-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites significantly reduced cuspal deflection in natural teeth compared to conventional composites. No significant differences were found among the tested bulk-fill materials.

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    Area of Science:

    • Restorative Dentistry
    • Dental Materials Science

    Background:

    • Minimally invasive cavity preparations are increasingly common.
    • Bulk-fill resin composites offer potential advantages in clinical efficiency.
    • Understanding their impact on tooth structure, such as cuspal deflection, is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate and compare the cuspal deflection caused by three high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites.
    • To compare the effects of bulk-fill materials against a conventional resin composite placed incrementally.

    Main Methods:

    • Thirty-two maxillary premolars with large MOD cavities were restored.
    • Three bulk-fill materials (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, x-tra fil, SonicFill) and one conventional composite (Filtek Z100) were used.
    • Cuspal deflection was measured using a Nikon measurescope at 5 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-irradiation.

    Main Results:

    • All three bulk-fill resin composites demonstrated significantly lower cuspal deflection than the conventional composite.
    • No statistically significant differences in cuspal deflection were observed among the three bulk-fill materials tested.
    • Conventional composite restorations showed higher cuspal deflection values.

    Conclusions:

    • High-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites are effective in minimizing cuspal deflection.
    • These materials present a favorable alternative to conventional incremental placement for large cavities.
    • Clinical application of bulk-fill composites may reduce stress on tooth structure.