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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

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Galectin 3 expression in primary oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Manuel Weber1, Maike Büttner-Herold2, Luitpold Distel3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. manuel.weber@uk-erlangen.de.

BMC Cancer
|December 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Galectin 3 (Gal3) expression correlates with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression and malignancy. High Gal3 levels indicate poorer prognosis and may promote immune tolerance, suggesting Gal3 as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
Gal3Galectin 3M1M2Macrophage polarizationOral cancerOral squamous cell carcinomaoscc

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression is influenced by immunologic factors.
  • Galectin 3 (Gal3) is a conserved protein involved in cell differentiation and immune homeostasis, with emerging roles in OSCC progression and macrophage polarization.
  • Macrophage polarization (M1/M2) impacts tumor immune escape in OSCC, but its relationship with Gal3 is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between histomorphologic parameters and Galectin 3 (Gal3) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • To analyze the ratio of Gal3-expressing cells to CD68-positive macrophages in OSCC specimens.
  • To explore the potential link between Gal3 expression, macrophage polarization, and OSCC malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of Gal3 and CD68 expression in 26 preoperative diagnostic biopsies and 34 tumor resection specimens from T1/T2 OSCC patients.
  • Quantitative assessment of Gal3-expressing cells and the Gal3/CD68 ratio in both biopsy and resection specimens.

Main Results:

  • Higher Gal3 expression and Gal3/CD68 ratios were observed in T2 OSCC compared to T1 cases in both specimen types.
  • Increased Gal3 expression and Gal3/CD68 ratio in biopsies correlated with lymph vessel infiltration (L1).
  • Tumor resection specimens with lymph node metastases (N+) and higher grading (G3) showed significantly increased Gal3 expression and Gal3/CD68 ratios.

Conclusions:

  • High Gal3 expression in OSCC is linked to tumor size (T-status), lymph node metastasis (N-status), lymph vessel infiltration (L-status), and grading.
  • Gal3 may contribute to M2 macrophage-mediated local immune tolerance in OSCC.
  • Gal3 expression is associated with prognosis in OSCC and represents a potential therapeutic target.