Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

10.0K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
10.0K
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

1.2K
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
1.2K
Second-order Op Amp Circuits01:19

Second-order Op Amp Circuits

656
Implementing second-order low-pass filters in audio systems is crucial in refining audio signals by eliminating undesirable high-frequency noise. These filters typically involve second-order op-amp circuits configured as voltage followers, encompassing two nodes with distinct storage elements.
The analysis of such circuits follows a systematic approach, similar to the second-order RLC circuits. In practical scenarios, bulky inductors are rarely employed due to their size and weight. This means...
656
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.2K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.2K
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

3.1K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
3.1K
Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

379
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
379

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic and behavioral effects of neurofibromin result from differential recruitment of MAPK and mTOR signaling.

PLoS genetics·2026
Same author

Personalized signaling pathway analysis of gastrointestinal tumors for patient stratification and drug target evaluation using clinically derived core biopsies.

NPJ precision oncology·2026
Same author

A memory transcriptome time course reveals essential long-term memory transcription factors.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid lasiocarpine impairs cell cycle progression in vitro.

Archives of toxicology·2025
Same author

Metabolic and behavioral effects of neurofibromin result from differential recruitment of MAPK and mTOR signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The ataxin-2 protein is required in kenyon cells for RNP-granule assembly and appetitive long-term memory formation.

Journal of neurogenetics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K

Cyclic AMP-dependent plasticity underlies rapid changes in odor coding associated with reward learning.

Thierry Louis1, Aaron Stahl1, Tamara Boto1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling drive learning and memory. This study shows that cAMP-dependent plasticity in Drosophila mushroom body neurons encodes olfactory memories, particularly for reward learning.

Keywords:
cAMPimaginglearningmemoryplasticity

More Related Videos

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

7.1K
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K
Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

7.1K
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Learning and memory involve dopamine and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling.
  • The precise mechanisms by which cAMP-dependent plasticity shapes neuronal engrams remain unclear.
  • In Drosophila, mushroom bodies (MBs) are crucial for olfactory learning, with cAMP signaling vital in intrinsic MB neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cAMP-dependent plasticity influences neuronal physiology during learning.
  • To elucidate the role of cAMP in encoding memory traces within the Drosophila MB.
  • To link cAMP-mediated plasticity to behavioral modification during olfactory conditioning.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo imaging of Drosophila MB neurons to monitor odor-evoked Ca2+ responses.
  • Pharmacological and optogenetic manipulation of cAMP levels.
  • Olfactory appetitive classical conditioning paradigms.
  • Genetic analysis involving the Rutabaga adenylyl cyclase.

Main Results:

  • Elevated cAMP levels, through pharmacological or optogenetic means, induced plasticity in MB neurons, altering odorant responses.
  • Odor-evoked Ca2+ responses showed net facilitation, with heterogeneous single-cell plasticity.
  • Appetitive olfactory conditioning mimicked cAMP-induced plasticity in magnitude and directionality.
  • This plasticity was dependent on the Rutabaga type I adenylyl cyclase.

Conclusions:

  • Learning robustly induces cAMP-dependent plasticity in Drosophila MB intrinsic neurons.
  • This plasticity is biased towards naturalistic reward learning.
  • cAMP signaling modulates MB neuronal responses to salient stimuli, contributing to memory encoding.