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Birth weight and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.

Donghua Mi1, Hongjuan Fang2, Yaqun Zhao2

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|December 30, 2017
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Low birth weight is linked to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis found no significant association between high birth weight and T2DM risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally.
  • Birth weight is a potential early-life determinant of T2DM risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the association between birth weight and the incidence of T2DM.
  • To quantify the risk of T2DM associated with low and high birth weight.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 8 selected studies published between January 1990 and June 2016.
  • Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.
  • Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed using statistical tests and funnel plots.

Main Results:

  • Low birth weight (<2,500 g) was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.39-1.73).
  • High birth weight (>4,000 g) showed no significant difference in T2DM risk compared to normal birth weight (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.22).
  • Low birth weight demonstrated a higher risk of T2DM compared to high birth weight (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.30-1.93).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest an inverse linear association between birth weight and T2DM incidence.
  • Low birth weight is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.