Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of peripelvic and periureteric pathologies

Peripelvic and periureteric areas are frequently overlooked in the imaging evaluations of the urinary system on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Several neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders and diseases including lipomatosis, angiomyolipoma and angiolipomatous proliferation, vascular lesions, lymphangiomatosis, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Erdheim-Chester disease, extramedullary hematopoiesis, IgG4-related disease, lymphoma, mesenchymal tumors, trauma, and Antopol-Goldman lesion may involve these areas. Differentiation of these benign or malignant pathologies among themselves and from primary renal pathologies is of utmost importance to expedite the triage of patients for correct treatment approach. In this article, we aim to increase the awareness of the imaging specialists to the typical and atypical imaging features of the entities affecting these areas.